Ⅳ 主謂一致

　　1． 主謂一致是指謂語動詞要與主語單、復數形式及人稱變化相一致。主要包括三方面：形式一致、意義一致、就近原則。

　　2． 單數名詞、不可數名詞作主語，謂語用單數；復數名詞作主語，謂語用復數；若主語表示單數或整體概念時，謂語應用單數。

　　Time is money . / My book is new . / Our books are there . / His family isn't very large . / His family are all music lovers .

　　3． 有些名詞以"s"結尾，但謂用單數。（news, physics, maths, politics等） Maths is very important to us .

　　4． People, police, youth, cattle等常作復數處理。 The youth are full of living .

　　5． 既作單數又是復數的名詞，可作單、復數。（sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese…）

　　There is one deer / are some deer in the zoo. / I met a Japanese in the street . / The Japanese I met in the street were friendly .

　　6． 當主語是兩個名詞由and 連接時，若表示一種事物或一種概念時，謂語用單數。

　　The teacher and writer is coming（同一個人） . / The teacher and the writer are coming .(不同人)

　　7． 有every 或each 修飾的單數名詞并列時，謂語動詞用單數，第二個every或each 可省略。Every boy and (every)girl has a new book.

　　8． 表示時間、距離、金錢或數量的復數名詞，一般視為一個整體，謂語用單數。A hundred miles is a long distance .

　　9． 有些形容詞前加定冠詞構成表示一類人的名詞，常用復數處理。The rich are getting richer. / The blind are sitting on the road .

　　10． Number, population 等詞可作單數或復數，主要從意思決定。A number of books are new. / The number of books is 3,000.

　　The population of China is very large . / One third of the population here are workers.

　　11． 當名詞后有with, together, like, but, except等介詞短語時，謂語隨名詞的數而變。 Tom with his parents has been to Beijing twice .

　　12． Each和由some, any, no, every構成的復合代詞，都作單數看待。Each of us has an apple. / Somebody is using the photo.

　　13． What, who, which, any, more, most, all等代詞可以是單、復數，主要靠意思決定。Which is your room ? / Which are your rooms ?

　　14． "None 或none of+名詞（代詞）復數"可作單、復數，若名詞為不可數，則謂語只用單數。

　　None of the books are easy enough for us . / None of us has got a camera. / None of milk is good.

　　15．"Either, neither (+of +名（代）詞復數"作主語時，通常看作單數。Neither of us has been to HongKong . / Either answer is wrong .

　　16．"many a +單數名詞"或"more than one +單數名詞"作主語時，謂語多用單數形式。More than one person has that kind of experience.

　　17．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +不可數名詞，謂語用單數。 All of meat is bad .

　　18．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +可數名詞復數，謂語用復數。 Some of students are absent .

　　19．"one of +名（代）詞復數"為主時，謂語通常用單數。One of the girls is from America .

　　20．"a pair of +名詞復數"作主語時，謂語常用單數，若pair是pairs時謂語用復數。

　　21．"（a）part of +名詞"作主語時，若名詞是單數，謂語用單數；若名詞是復數，謂語用復數。

　　22．"a group of +名詞"作主語時，強調整體，謂語用單數；若強調group 中的各成員，謂語用復數。

　　23．"a lot of /lots of +名詞復數"作主語時，謂語用復數；若名詞為不可數名詞，謂語用單數。

　　24．"most of +名詞復數"作主語時，謂語用復數；若名詞為不可數名詞，謂語用單數。

　　25．"plenty of +名詞復數"作主語時，謂語用復數；若名詞為不可數名詞，謂語用單數。

　　27．由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, or或there be + 名詞＋and + 名詞等連接的主語，通常根據就近原則，謂語的單、復數形式依最接近它的名詞詞組的單、復數形式決定。

　　My parents or I am going to visit my grandparents .

　　Either your father or your mother has been to the Great Wall .

　　Neither you nor Lao Yang is to do the work .

　　There is a man and three children over there .

　　Not only you but also he knows that thing .

　　28．動詞不定式和動詞－ing形式作主語時作單數處理。

　　To see you is very glad . = It is very glad to see you .

　　Taking means no holes .

　　Seeing is believing .

　　Finishing the work takes me a long time . = To finish the work takes me a long time . = It takes me a long time to finish the work .
 

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