來源:網絡資源 作者:中考網整理 2019-12-10 17:32:26
We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.
When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
(8)過去將來時的用法
過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發生的動作或存在地狀態,過去將來時較多地被運用在賓語從句中。例如:
They were going to have a meeting.
I told him that I would see him off at the station.
2.動詞的語態
語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。
主語是動作的發出者為主動語態;主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。
(1)被動語態
1) 被動語態最基本的句型結構是: be +及物動詞過去分詞
2) 被動語態中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞
因為被動句中的主語是動作的承受者,某些短語動詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等,也可用于被動語態。
The children were taken good care of by her.
【注意】
短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態時不可遺漏。
3) 主動語態變為被動語態要加“to”的情況
若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式,變為被動語態時,該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞,如:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如:
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
4) 主動形式表示被動意義
如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等動詞雖然用做主動形式卻表示被動的意義。例如:
The food tastes good.
3.非謂語動詞
對非謂語動詞的考點是:感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法;一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to,但變為被動語態時就要帶to;有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語,但表達的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點。
(1)非謂語動詞的形式
非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式,而不是作謂語的動詞形式。 動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞,分詞,動詞不定式。
(2)不定式作賓語補足語
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
(3)不定式作目的狀語
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
(4)用不定式和分詞作補足語都可以的動詞
這樣的動詞有感官動詞如:see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等,使役動詞如:have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示動作的完整性,真實性;+doing 表示動作的連續性,進行性。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調"我看見了"這個事實)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強調"我見他正干活"這個動作)
昨天我見他正在花園里干活。
(5)用不帶to不定式的情況
使役動詞如: let, have, make等和感官動詞如: see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補,省略to。在被動語態中則to不能省掉。
過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響;一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。
(6)接動名詞與不定式意義不同
1) stop to do 停止,中斷做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
2) forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
3) remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
4) try to do 努力,企圖做某事。
try doing 試驗,試著做某事。
5) go on to do 做了一件事后,接著做另一件事。
go on doing 繼續做原來做的事。
6) mean to do 打算、想
mean doing 意味著
4. 容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析
(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。
1) say表示講話,作為及物動詞使用,后跟賓語或賓語從句。
He said he would go there.
It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak表示“講話”,一般作為不及物動詞使用,而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。
Do you speak English?
May I speak to Mr Pope, please?
3) talk表示“談話”,是不及物動詞,與to , about, with等連用,才可以接賓語。
What are you talking about?
Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell 表示“告訴,講述”是及物動詞,可以帶雙賓語或復合賓語。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.
(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。
1) look強調“看”這個動作,是不及物動詞,常與at連用,然后接賓語。
Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
2) see 指“看見”某物,強調的是結果。
They can't see the words on the blackboard.
Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?
3) watch 指的是“觀看”,“注視”之意。
The twins are watching TV now.
He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4) read指“看書”、“看報”、“閱讀”之意。
Don't read in the sun.
I like to read newspapers when I am free.
(3) borrow, lend和keep的區別。
1) borrow意思為“借入”,常常與from連用,是非延續性動詞,表示瞬間即能完成的動作。
Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.
May I borrow your dictionary?
歡迎使用手機、平板等移動設備訪問中考網,2024中考一路陪伴同行!>>點擊查看