來源:網絡來源 作者:中考網編輯 2020-06-23 13:52:49
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
答案為B。由于trees與blow down之間為被動關系,故要用過去分詞。blown down in the storm在此用作定語,修飾the trees,相當于定語從句which were blown down in the storm。
(2) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _________ as much as we can. (江蘇卷)
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
答案為C。由于English與speak之間為被動關系,故要用過去分詞。
(3) We finished the run in less than half the time _________. (江西卷)
A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
答案為C。由于time與allow之間為被動關系,故要用過去分詞。in the time allowed意為“在規定的時間內”。
二、利用動作的先后關系
動作的先后關系在選項中的直接體現為一般式還是完成式。一般說來,當非謂語動詞所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前時,非謂語動詞原則上要用完成式。
1. 涉及不定式的動作先后關系
Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) _________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. (重慶卷)
A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought
答案為B。“be said+不定式”是英語中一個很有用的結構,其意為“據說”。其中的不定式是用一般式還是完成式,取決于該不定式所表示的動作是發生在謂語動作之前還是之后。根據句意可知,buy birds肯定發生在過去,或者說發生在is said之前,所以其中的不定式要用完成式,故答案選B。又如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 據說布朗先生死于肝癌。
2. 涉及動名詞的動作先后關系
I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _________ when we talked on the phone. (江西卷)
A. to promote B. having been promoted
C. having promoted D. to be promoted
答案為B。由于動詞mention后接動詞作賓語時,習慣上要用動名詞,不用不定式,故可排除A和D;再根據句意可知,句中的he與promote之間為被動關系,故要用被動式,同時,由于“被提拔”與“提到”之間有明顯的先后關系,即“被提拔”在先,“提到”在后,故用動名詞的完成被動式,即答案選B。
3. 涉及現在分詞的動作先后關系
(1) _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (陜西卷)
A. Having shown B. To be shown
C. Having been shown D. To show
答案為C。根據句意可知,“我們”與“帶去參觀”之間為被動關系,故應用非謂語動詞的被動式,可排除A和D;再根據句中的then可知,前后動作有明顯的先后關系,故先發生的動作要用完成式,故選C。
(2) _________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. (重慶卷)
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
答案為D。根據語境分析,“用電話聯系”與“發電子郵件”兩個動作之間有明顯的先后關系,故先發生的動作要用完成式。
【注意】由于過去分詞本身可以表示完成,所以過去分詞不用完成式,同時它也沒有完成式。請看一道相關的高考題:
It is one of the funniest things _________ on the Internet so far this year. (浙江卷)
A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found
答案為D。由于things與find之間為被動關系,故可排除A和C。根據句意,應該是這件有趣的事先被人們發現,后才被人們談論,但由于過去分詞沒有完成式,故用一般式表示完成,故選found。
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