過去完成時

過去完成時的含義

表示在過去某個時間或某個動作之前發生的動作，表示一個動作或狀態在某一時間或動作之前已經完成，其動作發生的時間是“過去的過去”，它的參照物是一般過去時。

過去完成時的標志

(1)特定的時間狀語

①by+過去的時間點

He had finished reading the book by 10 o’clock yesterday.

到昨天10點前，他已經讀完了這本書。

②by the end of + 過去的時間點

We had learned a lot of English songs by the end of last term.

到上學期末我們已經學了很多英文歌曲。

③由by the time, before, when等引導時間狀語從句時，主從句的動作發生有先后，動作在前的用過去完成完成時。

By the time I went outside, they had already left.

當我出去時。他們已經離開了。

The train had already left when I got to the station.

我到達車站時火車已經離開了。

(2)具體的語境(看動作是否發生在“過去的過去”)

①主句為一般過去時，且賓語從句的動作先于主句的動作發生時，從句要用過去完成時。

She said that she had seen the film before.

她說她以前已經看過這部電影了。

②上下文語境

I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.

我昨天在街上碰見吉姆了。自從他去北京后，我們就再沒見過面。

經典例題

例1. When she got to the station, the bus_______ the station for ten minutes.

has left B. had left

had been away from D. left

答案：C

例2. The meeting _______ by the time I got there yesterday.

was on B. has been on

had begun D. has begun

答案：C

例3. By the end of last month, I ________ all the CDs of Zhou Bichang.

collect B. collected

have collected D. had collected

答案：D

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